HUMANITARIAN STUDIES: HISTORY AND PEDAGOGY

CELEBRATION OF THE 200th ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF VIENNA IN COVERAGE OF THE «SZKOLA» MAGAZINE (1883)

Mykola HALIV — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract. The theoretical, discursive and thematic features of the coverage in the magazine «Szkola» («School») of the organization and holding of the 200-year anniversary of the Battle of Vienna are analyzed in this article. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, objectivity, as well as the frontal-heuristic method of processing press publications and methods of internal criticism of historical sources. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the content of the pedagogical magazine «Szkola», which was published by the Pedagogical Society in Lviv, was analyzed in connection with the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the victorious battle near Vienna in 1883.

It was found that in 1883, the pedagogical weekly «Szkola» published a number of articles on the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Vienna and the «pedagogical significance» of this event. The author of most of them was the editor-in-chief of the magazine, a well-known teacher and publicist Boleslav Baranovski. From his articles, I singled out several conceptual justifications for the need to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Vienna: 1) this event is presented as a victory of Christianity over Islam; 2) to characterize the historical significance of the event, civilizational and national markers were used, which described the Polish people as defenders of European civilization, and Jan III Sobieski as an outstanding figure of the last quarter of the 17th century; 3) a myth was spread about the historical political cooperation of the Poles with the Habsburg monarchy, which was intended to testify to the supposedly traditional political loyalty of the Polish population to the Austrian dynasty; 4) the patriotic and pedagogical significance of celebrating the anniversary of the victory near Vienna was emphasized; 5) an attempt was made to spread the discourse of the Polish-Ukrainian cooperation. It has been investigated that B. Baranovski broadcast the historical discourse of the Krakow historical school and the Stanchyki party’s political visions in his articles. It was established that two scientific and historical works were published in the journal «Szkola»: a) an archeographic article with the publication of a historical document that demonstrated an attempt to mark the anniversary date of the victory at Vienna as early as 1783; b) local history article about the house of Jan Sobieski in Lviv. The magazine published the address of the Central Jubilee Committee, which also contained historical reflections of a civilizational and national-patriotic nature. In the column «Sobesciana», the editorial staff of the magazine informed the readers about publications dedicated to Jan Sobieski and the Battle of Vienna in 1683.

UKRAINE – NATO IN THE CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM

Andrii KLISH — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Annotation. The proposed article examines the history of Ukraine's cooperation with NATO in the contemporary international security system within the chronological framework of 1991–2023. It is noted that Ukraine's accession to the integrated Euro-Atlantic space is a guarantee of its independence and territorial integrity. The author highlights new challenges of the modern world, such as cybersecurity, innovation potential, economic development, and strategic partnership in the energy sector, which become key components of NATO membership. Emphasis is placed on Ukraine's NATO accession being a key element of national security strategy amid global instability and threats. The article points out that material-technical support in accordance with NATO standards is a fundamental aspect, justified by changes in Alliance policy and substantial financial and military-technical assistance provided after the annexation of Crimea by Russia and the onset of the war in Donbas in 2014. This support continued following the full-scale Russo-Ukrainian war that began on February 24, 2022, with NATO condemning Russian aggression and confirming Russia as the greatest security threat in the region. The article expresses hope for receiving security guarantees from the North Atlantic Alliance and emphasizes the importance of supporting Ukraine in the context of the war.

CURRENT ASPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND NATO 2019–2022

Stepan PRYDUN — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Annotation. The article explores the main directions and outcomes of cooperation between Ukraine and NATO in the years 2019-2022, particularly in the context of heightened security challenges in Europe due to Russia's aggression against Ukraine. The dynamics of Ukraine-NATO relations are analyzed across political dialogue, practical collaboration, and integration perspectives. Priority areas and directions for the further development of partnership between Ukraine and NATO are identified, aiming at strengthening Ukraine's national security and its Euro-Atlantic integration.

THE MEMORIES OF THE CORPORAL GENERAL VSEVOLOD PETRIV AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE PERIOD OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL REVOLUTION 1917–1921

Anatoliy FILINYUK , Volodymyr YARYCH — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract: This article is devoted to highlighting the content and informational potential of the memoirs of Corporal General V. Petriv concerning the military history of Ukraine during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921. It emphasizes that this outstanding Ukrainian figure wrote and published his works and memoirs while in exile. The essence and direction of memoirs’ text as a powerful factual addition to military history through the prism of the author's vision of the place and the important role of the armed forces in the establishment and functioning of the state independence of Ukraine are noted. The analysis was carried out on the basis of understanding the history and lessons of the liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people at the turn of the first and second decades of the 20th century.

CIVILIZATIONAL SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF IDENTITY

Mykhailo YURIY, Nazarii KHRISTAN — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract. The article is devoted to the socio-philosophical analysis of the problem of formation and development of civilizational self-identification of identity. The phenomenon of civilizational self-identification of identity has long attracted the attention of many researchers and is actively discussed within various social and humanitarian discourses. Three components can be distinguished in the structure of civilizational identity: mentality, locality and globality. Mentality is based on the value-semantic originality of civilization, locality is based on the ability to represent world culture in its context with one's own (ethnic, social, religious, artistic and aesthetic) means, globality indicates the contribution of local civilization to the general culture. It is the interaction of these three modes in the history of every world civilization and, in particular, the Ukrainian one, that gives rise to the dynamics of its civilizational identity. In addition, at the basis of all three modes is a value-semantic component, which is located at different levels, which can be fixed in the civilizational consciousness, which we highlight as one of the foundations of civilizational identity. The basis of civilizational identity is civilizational self-awareness, which is a set of certain spiritual values and ideas that were formed during the centuries of coexistence of nations and ethnic groups that lived in the same territory and were united by a single political system and religion.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TRAINING FOREIGN STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE

Oksana KRYCHKIVSKA, Hanna ZVARYCH — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract. The article identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the opportunities and threats to the training of foreign students in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The aim of the study is to specify the problems (weaknesses and threats) and prospects (strengths and opportunities) of training foreign students in higher education institutions of Ukraine in view of the current stage of development of society. To achieve this goal, the following objectives were achieved, including analyzing the latest research related to the education of foreign students in Ukraine, identifying the weaknesses and strengths of the education of foreign students in Ukraine, outlining the prospects for improving the quality of education of foreign students in Ukraine, and describing the challenges faced by the Ukrainian education system today. The main research methods are a comparative analysis of scientific studies, literature review, observation, systematization and generalization. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign research is used to determine the level of accessibility and quality of education for foreign students. The author analyzes the legal documents establishing the rights and guarantees related to the training of foreign students in Ukraine. In support of its assertions, the article relies on the analysis of statistical and secondary data provided by Ukrainian and foreign researchers. The study conducted a SWOT-analysis of the training of foreign students in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The study analyzed the literature sources related to the research topic. The analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the development of foreign students' education in Ukrainian higher education institutions. In the future, further research is planned to investigate the implementation of the educational process in the context of training foreign students in higher education institutions.

CREATION OF AN INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE MEDICAL SPECIALISTS

Iryna MELNYCHUK — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract. The article emphasizes the relevance of using interactive technologies, forms and methods of training in the professional training of future medical specialists. The essence of interactive learning is revealed in the context of pedagogy of cooperation and active dialogic interaction of all participants in the educational process. In general, the dialogic nature of interactive learning contributes to clarifying the level of preparation of students, which is manifested in the formation of professional knowledge, abilities and skills of future specialists in the medical field. In an interactive educational environment, students have the opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of the purpose, essence, features, direction of professional functions. It is argued that in an interactive learning environment, students have the opportunity to gain relevant experience in the medical field. The acquisition of professional skills and abilities takes place in a safe learning environment, which is of particular importance in the training of future doctors and nurses. The use of interactive technologies and methods is aimed at creating an interactive educational environment in medical institutions of higher education. The interactive cooperation of all participants in the educational process is directed to the activation of students' intellectual activity. Participation in interactive exercises encourages future doctors to self-educate, to test optimal and effective professional actions in practical activities. The main features of interactive learning are specified. Such characteristics include the possibility of active communication of its participants to solve professional tasks; the use of various forms and methods of professional and communicative interaction of future doctors; purposeful reflection of the participants of the interactive educational process and evaluation of the results of interpersonal interaction. It is summarized that interactive learning is a technological process of cooperation between subjects of pedagogical interaction. Interactive learning is considered as an organized pedagogical process, the basis of which is a set of interconnected active interactions between the teacher and students. It is emphasized that the main function of the teacher in the conditions of interactive learning is to create an effective educational for the self-development of the future medical specialist and to correct this process.

THE STATE OF DEVELEPMENT STUDENTS’ SOCIAL ACTIVITY

Hanna RIDKODUBSKA — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

The article is dedicated to theoretically substantiating key aspects of the social activity development among students pursuing education in the socio-economic field, and to experimentally assessing the level of social activity development among first-level (bachelor's) education seekers. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the main forms of social activity manifestation in various spheres of personal social life are identified, including political, civic, cultural, creative, labor, communicative, and business activities. The article presents the outcomes of an experimental investigation designed to assess the level of social activity development among students at the bachelor's education level. The findings shed light on the students' social activity, revealing patterns, tendencies, and areas for potential enhancement. This research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of social activity development in the student population.

The research identifies that social activity manifests in active life attitudes, civic positions, and national participation, involving interaction with the surrounding environment. This interaction is shaped through the social and volitional efforts of individuals during the implementation of planned activities.

The article also presents the results of an experimental study conducted among first-level (bachelor's) education seekers. A questionnaire was used to investigate the desires and forms of support for the social activity of youth with a socio-economic profile of education. Additionally, the locus of control was determined using the method of O. Ksenofontova. According to the diagnostic results, the level of social activity development among students is at an average level. Most students exhibited an unstable need for social activity, demonstrating fluctuating emotional attitudes towards it, limited awareness of the concept of "social activity," and situational effectiveness in the socio-political sphere.

To summarize, it can be stated that specific behavioral reactions, such as emancipation, grouping with peers, and enthusiasm, have already formed among students. Interaction with peers is a necessary element for achieving common goals, contributing to the development of social interaction skills, and shaping authority, locus of subjective control, and value orientations.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS SPECIALISTS TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD

Liliya REBUKHA, Han LIU — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Annotation. In the article a comparative analysis of physical culture and sports specialists training for future professional activities in Ukraine and abroad is carried out. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that nowadays in every society there is a growing awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and regular physical activity for the preservation of human health. Accordingly, the main roles of physical culture and sports in this process are emphasized as an effective mechanism of physical, moral, mental and spiritual development of the individual. One of the tasks of a modern institution of higher education is the training of specialists in physical culture and sports in the modern educational space of Ukraine and the disclosure of such training abroad. Solving these tasks contributes to the maintenance and promotion of a healthy lifestyle, the development of physical activity, and therefore the achievement of high results in professional activities.

The research established that the domestic experience of training physical culture and sports specialists is characterized by the acquisition of knowledge and skills of the organization of health and recreational physical activity of various population groups, sports training and support of athletes in competitions.

We consider the national training of future specialists in physical culture and sports as a complex, complicated and multifaceted process, which includes the formation of worldviews and value attitudes in this area, the creation of a motivational field in the process of education aimed at realizing the importance of this type of professional activity, their acquisition of theoretical knowledge and development necessary skills and abilities. The main components of university training are highlighted: theoretical foundations and practical skills, professional ethics and leadership, adaptability to changes, continuous learning and professional development. The essence of the psychological-pedagogical training of future physical culture and sports specialists with the formation of their readiness to implement "subject-subject" relationships in their future activities is indicated.

A comparative analysis of physical culture and sports teachers training was conducted on the example of China, which takes place in accordance with the laws of their professional development, step by step and with strict adherence to systematicity. An important aspect of a specialist's training is familiarizing them with the theory and methodology of teaching, learning various types of sports and sports training technologies, and fostering self-development skills and self-education. Therefore, the training of future specialists in the field of physical culture and sports in Ukraine and abroad (on the example of China) include methodical and psychological readiness of the future specialists for future work and understanding the importance of this type of profession for civil society.

NON-FORMAL AND INFORMAL PRESCHOOL EDUCATION: NATURE, TYPES, AND FUNCTIONS

Olha CHYKUROVA, Volodymyr CHAIKA, Oksana PYSARCHYK — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0200

Abstract. Modern realities impose new demands on preschool education, where, in addition to formal education, informal and non-formal education play an increasingly significant role. These two types of education enrich the knowledge, skills, and abilities of children, contributing to their comprehensive development. The article defines the essence and specificity of informal and non-formal preschool education, distinguishing them from formal education. It explores the impact of informal and non-formal education on the formation of the personality of preschool children, emphasizing their vital role in complementing and expanding the possibilities of formal education. It is established that informal and non-formal education foster the development of cognitive, emotional-volitional, and personal spheres of the child, shaping their creative abilities, independence, initiative, responsibility, and creativity. The main focus is on the importance of informal and non-formal education through the lens of the concept of lifelong learning and educational continuity. It is investigated that informal and non-formal education for preschool children is education obtained outside the formal education system, i.e., kindergarten. It may be associated with professional, civic, or other activities, family, or leisure.

Advantages and disadvantages of informal and non-formal education for preschool children are considered. It is established that the flexibility of these forms of education allows children to learn at any time and place, enhancing accessibility to education, especially in the context of inclusive education. Furthermore, the importance of an individual approach is emphasized, enabling consideration of the interests and needs of each child. In informal and non-formal education for preschool children, motivation for learning is developed through the opportunity for independent selection of topics and subjects. Thus, the development of independence is another advantage of informal and non-formal education. However, the drawbacks of these types of education include the risk of misinformation and the absence of normative control, which can lead to the dissemination of unreliable information and stereotypes among children. Therefore, it is crucial to promote the development of critical thinking among preschool children.